In engineering design, special area of pressure vessels always needs opening nozzles in order to satisfy complexity of technologies. Only considering the single load condition of the pressure vessels, the calculation of opening⁃nozzles in GB 150—2011 does not involve additional external load on opening⁃nozzles in practical projects. The SolidWorks software was used to locally model the tangentially opened pressure vessel of the cylinder, and the finite element analysis method was used to apply two internal conditions of the internal pressure and the external load of the internal pressure to the three⁃dimensional solid model to obtain the structural stress. Distribution and strength evaluation were carried out, and the influence of the additional external load on the structure of the pressure vessel was studied.The results show that the stress value in nozzle⁃vessel junction area increases sharply and it changes symmetrical distribution of stress in the connection between the nozzle and the vessel because of the external load of the nozzles. The analyzing results can provide some reference in stress analysis of the opening⁃nozzles with the united static load.

Porous polyvinylidene fluoride (PVDF) membrane was successfully fabricated via phase inversion method. The surface and cross⁃section morphologies, and thermal stability of the samples were characterized by scanning electron microscopy and thermogravimetry⁃differential thermal analyzer. The adsorption property of PVDF membrane for Congo Red was investigated. The results showed that the most proper dosage of PVDF membrane is 30 mg. The maximum adsorption capacity of PVDF membrane for Congo Red is 64.6 mg/g at 303 K. The isotherm data followed the Freundlich isotherm model and the kinetic adsorption obeyed the pseudo⁃second⁃order model. Thermodynamic parameters illustrated that the adsorption process was spontaneous and endothermic. Ethanol has good desorption effect on PVDF membrane adsorbed by Congo red. After 8 adsorption⁃desorption, PVDF membrane still maintains high adsorption capacity for Congo red.

Using soil column leaching method, the best leaching conditions have been studied with the organic phosphonic acid PAPEMP, including different ratio of soil to solution, leaching time and leaching frequency on the Cd removal rate, respectively. The research results showedwhen the quality percentage of PAPEMP was 7%, the ratio of soil to solution of 1∶4, the leaching time of 240 min and leaching once, the removal rate of Cd was the highest. PAPEMP can be used in leaching remediation of Cd contaminated soils.

Sulfur phosphate was synthesized through the reaction of n-butanol, iso-octanol and phosphorus pentasulfide in the absence of solvent. The reaction condition was optimized by variation of catalyst type, the feeding mode of phosphorus pentasulfide, reaction temperature, pressure and initial reaction emperature. In the mean time, the performance differences of the lubricating additive T202 prepared by sulfur phosphate catalysis was compared with that synthesized with old process. Experimental results showed that the optimal conditions was as follows: the catalyst 4, the phosphorus pentasulfide feeding mode was nine, the reaction temperature was 50～55 ℃, the pressure was 0.07 MPa, initial temperature was 40 ℃, the reaction time was 1 h. Under this condition, the achieved content of sulfur phosphate was up to 99.4%, the zinc content of the lubricating additive T202 prepared by sulfur acid was 11.76%, and the chroma was 0.